Contrary to monocropping systems, genetic biodiversity is preserved and enhanced by diversifying crops, implementing rotations and using cover plants. Various species are used as relay crops and cover crops in the south of Xayabury and in Xieng Khouang. Brachiaria ruziziensis (ruzi), Stylosanthes guianensis (CIAT 184), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria sp., rice bean (Vigna umbellata), common bean, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and oat are tested under contrasted agro-ecological conditions. In addition to their nutrient pump role, rotations of various plant species diversify the soil flora and fauna. Their roots secrete different organic substances that attract a diverse range of bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms subsequently play an important role with respect to nutrient availability for the crops. Crop rotations are especially important for integrated pest management (for example, suppression of root-knot nematode by sesame and Crotalaria juncea) since they upset the pathological cycles. Weeds are controlled through the effects of shade (competition for light) and/or allelopathic effects (competition between plants of different species via toxic substances excreted by the roots or leaves). Crop diversification also provides a range of different products (food for humans and livestock), thus enhancing economic stability. 

The newly established Center on Conservation Agriculture (NAFRI) provides seeds of various species (Brachiaria sp., Stylosanthes guianensis, oat, common bean, buckwheat, Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna umbellata, finger millet, radish, Vicia villosa, sorghum, millet, Crotalaria sp...). This center has tested during several cropping seasons and for contrasted environment over 50 varieties of aerobic rice cv. Sebota. Promising results were obtained in the southern of Xayabury and in Xieng Khouang under upland, lowland and irrigated conditions. 

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